Archives and General References

Warsaw Ghetto Destruction, 1943
(NARA: 238-NT-282)

• Auschwitz -- Endstation Vernichtung: A cooperative project of the Institute for Data Processing in Social Economics and the Institute for Social and Econonic History at Johannes Kepler University in Linz, Austria, this site -- Auschwitz: Terminal of Annihilation -- provides a well organized overview, in German, English, and Spanish, of Auschwitz; it has three main sections:
  
  
  1. Einführung zum Thema (Introduction to the Subject)
  2. Die Ausstellung (The Exhibition)
  3. Wichtige Links (Important Links)
  
  The overview (Ausstellungsübersicht) includes the following sections: Der Transport nach Auschwitz (The Transport to Auschwitz); Die Selektion (The Selection); Die Aufnahme in das Lager (The Reception into the Camp); Der Alltag in Auschwitz (Daily Life in Auschwitz); Kinder in Auschwitz (Children in Auschwitz); Frauen in Auschwitz (Women in Auschwitz); Die Häftlingsselbstverwaltung (Prisoner Self-Administration); Die Vernichtung (The Annihilation); Der Widerstand (Resistance); and, Auschwitz: 50 Jahre danach (Auschwitz: Fifty Years Later).


Treblinka Memorial


• The Forgotten Camps: Created and maintained by by Vincent Châtel and Chuck Ferree, this Web site is a history of several small Nazi concentration camps, work camps, police camps, and transit camps: "Great or small camps, all these places were designed to systematically destroy any opponent to the Nazi regime. If mass extermination happened only in the great camps, like Auschwitz or Treblinka, the atrocities were the same everywhere."


• Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies: Part of the Manuscripts and Archives of the Sterling Memorial Library of Yale University, the Fortunoff archive "currently holds more than 4,100 testimonies [of Holocaust witnesses and survivors], which are comprised of over 10,000 recorded hours of videotape. Testimonies are produced in cooperation with 37 affiliated projects across North America, South America, Europe, and Israel, and each project maintains a duplicate collection of locally recorded videotapes.." (There is also a link to this site on my Web page about Survivors and Rescuers.)


• Holocaust Issues: Presented by the United States Department of State, this site offers reports documenting "one of the greatest thefts by a government in history: the confiscation by Nazi Germany of an estimated $580 million of central bank gold -- around $5.6 billion in today's values -- along with indeterminate amounts in other assets during World War II. These goods were stolen from governments and civilians in the countries Germany overran and from Jewish and non-Jewish victims of the Nazis alike, including Jews murdered in extermination camps, from whom everything was taken down to the gold fillings of their teeth." (Please note that this archive contains material released before to 20 January 2001.ÊVisit the Department of State Web site for material for material released since that date.)
  
  Several of these documents are available in Adobe Acrobat format (.PDF) only. Adobe's free crossplatform Acrobat Reader is available from Adobe Software's World Wide Web site.


• PBS's Frontline -- Nazi Gold: This Web site is a companion to the PBS Frontline special "report on Switzerland's wartime actions as a neutral nation and its role as banker and financial broker for Nazi Germany." Sections of the site include:
  
  
  • Reactions and Discussion: What are your views of Switzerland's actions during the war?
  • The Train: Were Nazi death trains allowed through Zurich -- a look at what is known -- and not known.
  • Switzerland and the War: Neutral or Cowardly?
  • Further Readings (including the Eizenstat Report and the Swiss Federal Coucil's response).
  • How to Seek World War II Swiss Bank Acccounts.
  • Map: What were the actions of other neutral nations?
  
  
• The Holocaust Page: Maintained by Ben Austin <baustin@frank.mtsu.edu> of Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU), this Web site provides a wide variety of information about the Holocaust, including a glossary and chronology of the Holocaust -- as well as information on the Nuremberg Laws, Kristallnacht, the T-4 euthanasia program (murder of the handicapped), Jewish losses in the Holocaust, and homosexuals and the Holocaust. There are also links to other Holocaust-related Web sites.


• Holocaust Survivor Oral Histories: Maintained by the University of Michigan at Dearborn, this site contains samples from transcripts and audio recordings of Holocaust survivor testimony. "Dr. Sid Bolkosky, Professor of History..., has interviewed over 150 survivors. His interviews with these survivors are recorded on about 330 hours of audio tapes and 60 hours of video tapes. These tapes are being transcribed and entered into the online catalog of the Mardigian Library and OCLC."


• Jews in Hungary: A resource from Jewish Studies On-line, this article by Dr. Peter I. Hidas <PHIDAS@runt.dawsoncollege.qc.ca> of Dawson College, in Monreal, Canada, contains much information about the Jews of Hungary, including the Holocaust and post-war years.


• 'Korczak -- Arzt, Schriftsteller, Pädagoge' (Korcak -- Physician, Author, Schoolmaster): Maintained by Stefan Mannes <stefan@ise.fhg.de>, this site provides information in German about Janusz Korczak (1878-1942), a Polish pediatrician, author, and teacher who ran an orphanage in Warsaw. In the last days of the Warsaw Ghetto, Korczak -- refusing all chances to save his own life -- went to die with the orphans under his care in the gas chambers at Treblinka.


• KZ Mauthausen-Gusen Memorial Committee: Sponsored by the Austrian Broadcast Corporation and maintained by Rudolf A. Haunschmied <rahd@magnet.at>, this Web site offers information about the KZ Mauthausen-Gusen I, II and III concentration camp complex, which was "the biggest and most brutal within the Mauthausen system of camps. In fact, within the year 1944, the KZ Gusen complex [with 25,000 inmates] reached double the number of inmates than the related Mauthausen central camp [of about 12,000 inmates]." In addition to providing and collecting information, this site also endeavors to serve as "the voice of some 40,000 KZ Gusen victims."


• Maven -- Holocaust and Antisemitism: Maven is an on-line Jewish resource with information in over 190 categories. Its page of links relating to the Holocaust and antisemitism is quite extensive.


• Memoirs as History -- Women's Memoirs and the Study of Holocaust History: A feature of the German Internet Project and written by Dr. Andreas Lixl-Purcell, Professor of German at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, this document examines women's memoir literature and the study of the Holocaust: "Women's survivor literature provides us with different documentary perspectives based on alternative patterns of experience."


• Memory Made Manifest -- The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: Created by Laura Dove of the University of Virginia, this site "explores the nature of the Holocaust in the American consciousness culminating in the creation of the Holocaust Commission in 1978, the formation and development of the President's Commission on the Holocaust and the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council, and the physical and emotional parameters of the exhibit it houses."


• The Nizkor Project -- An Electronic Holocaust Resource: Maintained by Kenneth McVay, OBC, the Nizkor Project is a comprehensive collection of the following projects -- the Shofar FTP Archive (over 5,200 files); the Holocaust Web Project (which offers a very large on-line collection of information on the Holocaust and Holocaust denial); guides (FAQs) to Holocaust-denial issues; Nizkor Features (special collections of information about the Holocaust); and, links to Other Related Sites.




Warsaw's Jewish Cemetery

• On-line Gedenkbuch: Serving as an on-line Gedenkbuch (Memorial Book), this FTP site offers many resources, including transliterations from selected Yizkor books; lists of Jewish cemeteries; lists of Holocaust victims; a list of major research centers on the Holocaust; and information on Jewish genealogy. Individuals interested in Jewish genealogy might also want to access the Jewish Genealogy Home Page of the Dallas Jewish Historical Society (hosted by the Dallas Virtual Jewish Community) and JewishGen: The Home of Jewish Genealogy. (This Gedenkbuch link also appears on my Web page about Jewish Culture and History.)


• The Patrin Web Journal -- Gypsy Culture and History: Created and maintained by the Patrin, a learning resource and information center for Roma and others who want to learn more about Romani culture and social issues of today, this site contains sections on Romani history; culture; traditions; organizations; rights; the Holocaust and the Roma; and, a glossary. (The Patrin Web journal is not affiliated with the Patrin print periodical of Presov, Slovakia.)


• Romani.org Home Page: This Web site is "dedicated to the Roma for their recognition as a people and as a nation, andÊ to their struggle for freedom and against persecution and oppression worldwide." There is a section on the persecution of the Roma by the Nazis, as well as other information -- including links to related sites.


• Philip Trauring's Holocaust Research Page: Maintained by Philip Trauring, this Web page offers a collection of documents relating to the Holocaust, including an annotated bibliography on the Majdanek extermination camp and Philip Trauring's essay, German Jewry on the Eve of Destruction.


• 'Ressources documentaires sur le génocide nazi et sa négation': Maintained by Michel Fingerhut and concerned volunteers, this site, which is mainly in French, contains "Documentary Resources on the Nazi Genocide and its Negation." The resources include a bibliography; links to Internet information servers and databases; electronic texts; and links to Web sites covering related topics.


• Salvation of Bulgarian Jews during World War II: This Web presentation is a collection of information about the salvation of the Jews of Bulgaria during the Holocaust.


• Linkuva and Holocaust Resources: Created and maintained by Aubrey and Gary Blumsohn, this Web site is "dedicated to the 200,000 Jewish men, women and children of Lithuania murdered by the Nazis and their Lithuanian collaborators. Amongst them were about 250 Jews from the village of Linkuva."


Prisoners in Sachsenhausen, 1938
(NARA: 242-HLB-3609-25)

• Pictures of World War II (U.S. National Archives): Maintained by the United States National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), this Web page provides descriptions of the National Archives' collection of still photographs from World War II, sample images, and instructions for ordering prints; the collection includes photographs taken in Nazi concentration camps during the Holocaust and after the camps were liberated.


• The Wolf Lewkowicz Collection: This collection of letters was written in Yiddish between 1922 and 1939 by Polish Jew Wolf Lewkowicz (of Konskie, Lodz and Opoczno, Poland) to Sol J. Zissman, his deceased sister's son. Wolf Lewkowicz died in Treblinka in 1943 at the age of 56. The on-line version of the collection contains only the English translations of the Yiddish letters. The complete set of The Wolf Lewkowicz Collection can be found at the Harvard College Library and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.


• YIVO Institute for Jewish Research -- Archives and Library: "The Photographic Archive collects ordinary family photographs, as well as the work of acclaimed photographers. The images span many different topics and time periods relating to Jewish history and culture around the world, but are particularly notable in the following four subject areas: Jewish life in Eastern Europe; American Jewish immigration history; Yiddish theater; and the Holocaust."
  
  
• Pages from the Zabludow Yizkor Book: Created and maintained by Tilford Bartman, this Web site contains excerpts from Mr. Bartman's book and is a memorial to the Jews of Zabludow, Poland (which is approximately fifteen kilometers from Bialystok). Mr. Bartman's father was born in Zabludow, as was his father's parents. Many of Mr. Bartman's relatives who remained in Zabludow were murdered during in the Holocaust.